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A Guide For History Taking, Making Of Routine Physical Examinations And The Usual Laboratory Tests Necessary For Students In Clinical Pathology, Hospital Interns, And Practicing Physicians.
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CHAPTER IV URINE Get quantity in 24 hours. In suspected nephritis separate day and night portions. Note color, odor, reaction, and specific gravity. Specific Gravity As a rule, this is of value only in a 24-hour specimen. Place urine in a glass cylinder carefully so as not to give rise to formation of a foam. Should foam collect, remove with. filter paper. Use a sufficiently wide cylinder to prevent the urinometer touching the sides. Insert urinometer gently and make your readings with your eye on a level with the bottom of the meniscus (concave upper surface of the fluid). Ordinarily the instruments are standardized for use at a temperature of 15 C. For each 3 C. above this temperature, the specific gravity is changed one point—in the third decimal point. As an example, if the specific gravity of a. urine were found to be 1.016 at 28 C., the corrected reading would be 1.016+.004=1.020. Ordinarily the specific gravity of a 24- hour specimen ranges between 1.016 and 1.022, but 1.012 to 1.028 would still be in the limits of the normal. Preservation of Urine Specimens may be preserved by: 1. The addition of 40 per cent formalin in the proportion of 30 drops to a liter of urine. 2. Cold storage. , 3. Chloroform in the proportion of 20 drops to 4 ounces. Use tightly corked bottle. 4. Thymol, 2 or 3 crystals to 4 ounces. 5. Toluol. Cover the urine with one-eighth of an inch of toluol. It is of special value in the preservation of volatile substances, as, diacetic acid. Turbidity Cloudiness of urine may be due to the precipitation of phosphates, or urates, or may be due to pus, blood, fat, or bacteria. If cloudiness is due to urates it will clear up on heating; if due tophosphates, with a few drops of acetic acid; if due to fats it will clear up by...
Editorial Reviews -
Diagnostic Methods
From the Publisher
A Guide For History Taking, Making Of Routine Physical Examinations And The Usual Laboratory Tests Necessary For Students In Clinical Pathology, Hospital Interns, And Practicing Physicians.
Features -
Diagnostic Methods
Read an Excerpt
Read an Excerpt
CHAPTER IV URINE Get quantity in 24 hours. In suspected nephritis separate day and night portions. Note color, odor, reaction, and specific gravity. Specific Gravity As a rule, this is of value only in a 24-hour specimen. Place urine in a glass cylinder carefully so as not to give rise to formation of a foam. Should foam collect, remove with. filter paper. Use a sufficiently wide cylinder to prevent the urinometer touching the sides. Insert urinometer gently and make your readings with your eye on a level with the bottom of the meniscus (concave upper surface of the fluid). Ordinarily the instruments are standardized for use at a temperature of 15 C. For each 3 C. above this temperature, the specific gravity is changed one point—in the third decimal point. As an example, if the specific gravity of a. urine were found to be 1.016 at 28 C., the corrected reading would be 1.016+.004=1.020. Ordinarily the specific gravity of a 24- hour specimen ranges between 1.016 and 1.022, but 1.012 to 1.028 would still be in the limits of the normal. Preservation of Urine Specimens may be preserved by: 1. The addition of 40 per cent formalin in the proportion of 30 drops to a liter of urine. 2. Cold storage. , 3. Chloroform in the proportion of 20 drops to 4 ounces. Use tightly corked bottle. 4. Thymol, 2 or 3 crystals to 4 ounces. 5. Toluol. Cover the urine with one-eighth of an inch of toluol. It is of special value in the preservation of volatile substances, as, diacetic acid. Turbidity Cloudiness of urine may be due to the precipitation of phosphates, or urates, or may be due to pus, blood, fat, or bacteria. If cloudiness is due to urates it will clear up on heating; if due tophosphates, with a few drops of acetic acid; if due to fats it will clear up by...
Synopsis
A Guide For History Taking, Making Of Routine Physical Examinations And The Usual Laboratory Tests Necessary For Students In Clinical Pathology, Hospital Interns, And Practicing Physicians.
